Unsafe at any sound: hearing loss and tinnitus in personal audio system users

Personal audio systems (PAS) use is a major risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). PAS include content device and earbuds or headphones listening to personal without disturbing others. are inherently unsafe because their design exposes users high sound pressure levels. at about 4-times greater of developing NIHL than non-users, with reported in as young 9. The greatest > 1 hour daily 50% volume 5 years. Nearly aged 12-35 listen settings 50%, putting 1.1 billion people worldwide auditory damage. have higher tinnitus hidden non-users. Children teenagers adults from noise exposure during system developmental periods. Hearing has impact on older good vital communication, socialization, education, future vocational success. A harmonized global manufacturing standard needed, specifying output limits based the non-occupational 70 dBA average limit. Without regulated limits, preventable will continue increase.